Steam-pump.



Patented Mar. 6, i900.

W. E. EBY.

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4 Sheets-Sheet 2.

l' Il Imlnlllit W. E. EBY.

STEAM PUMP.

(Application filed May 11, 1B98.\

(No Model.)

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No. 644,585. Patented Mar. 6. |900. W. E.` EBY.

STEAM PUMP.

(No Mudd.) (Application Bled May 11, 1898.) 4 sheets-Sheet 3.

No. 644,585. Patented Mar. 6, |900. W. E. EBY.

STEAM PUMP.

(Application led May 11, 1898.)

4 Sgheets-Sheet 4,

(No Model.)

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` Nifrnio- STATES VALTON ELLMAKER EBY, OF ROANOKE, VIRGINIA, ASSIGNOR OFONE- HALF TO MALCOLM W. BRYAN, OF SAME PLACE.

STEAM-PUMP.

SPECIFICATIO forming part of LettersPatet o. 644,585, dated March 6,1900!. Abpiicaion ned May 11, 1898. saliti No, eleeo. (No model.)

To a/ZZ whom it may concern:

Beit known that I, WALTON ELLMAKER EBY, a citizen of the United States,residing at Roanoke, in the county of Roanoke and State of Virginia,have invented a new and useful Steam-Pump, of which the following is aspecification.

My invention relates to steam-pumps, and has for one object to provide asimple, compact, and efficient pump adapted for supplying boilers andfor analogous uses, and so constructed as to provide for the utilizationof the exhaust-steam and other waste heat of the motive agent in raisingthe temperature of the Water supplied to the boiler.

A further object of the invention is to provide such a construction ofvalve mechanism as to avoid the use of eccentries, connectingrods, andother devices located exteriorly of the valve chest or casing, theshifting of the valve for each stroke being accomplished by the pressureof the motive agent, such as steam or compressed air, and beingcontrolled by the cylinder-piston and theactuated valve.

Further objects and advantages of this invention will appear in thefollowing description, and the novel features thereof will beparticularly pointed out in the appended claims.

In the drawings, Figure l is a perspective view of a pump mechanismconstructed in accordance with my invention. Fig. 2 is an elevation,partly in section, of the same. Fig. 3 is an enlarged centrallongitudinal section of the valve mechanism and' the contiguous portionof the cylinder-piston, taken in the plane of the cylinder feed-ports,showing the valve in one of its operative positions, with the piston infulllines at one end of its stroke just prior to the reversal of thevalve and in dotted lines in the position which it occupies beforeexposing the equalizing-ports. Fig. 4 is a similar view showing thevalvein its intermediate orbalanced position. Fig. 5 isaplan view of thevalve-seat rest to show the positions of the channels and ports in thecylinder. Fig. 6 is a similar view of the valveseat, showing in dottedlines the positions of the cylinder ports and channels. Fig. 7 is aninverted plan View of the valve. Fig. 8 is a sectional view similar toFigs. 8 and 4, taken in the plane indicated by the lines 8 S of Figs; 5,6, and '7. Fig. 9 is a similar section taken in the plane indicated bythe lines 9 9 ofFigs. 5, 6, and '7. Fig. 10 is a detail sectional viewof a portion of the valve mechanism to show the follower, which forms asteam-tight contact with the valve.

Similar numerals of reference indicate cor= responding parts in all thefigures of the drawings.

The apparatus embodying my invention is shown in the drawings Figs. lyand 2 as arranged in an upright or vertical position, with the maincylindrical casing Lwhich coinprises the piston and plunger cylinders,provided with attaching-ears 2 or a suitable baseA plate, adapted to besecured to a boiler or other supporting object, (not shown3) but it willbe understood that the said casing may be arranged in either ahorizontal or any other position to suit the conditions under which itis to be operated. Said main cylindrical casing is divided interiorly byan annular partition to form a steam or piston cylinder et and a wateror plunger cylinder 5, and removably fitted, as by threading, in theopening of said partition and extending axially of the water or plungercylinder is a pumpbarrel 6, terminating at its outer end short of theclosed end of the cylinder 5 and having a flared inner end 7, providedwith wrench or key seats 8, whereby the barrel may be unseated orreturned to its normal position by means of a key or wrench insertedinto the cylinder 4 through the headed outer end of the latter, saidcylinder 4 being provided with a removable head 9, secured in place bymeans of bolts 10 or the equivalents thereof.

Fitted for reciprocatory movement in the pump-barrel is the pump-plungerl1, which is exteriorly channeled or reduced, as shown at l2, for thereception of the exterior packing of waste or any other suitablematerial, such packing being thus held between the abrupt shoulders atthe ends of the reduced portion of the plunger-and the iared mouth atthe inner end of the barrel being designed to facilitate theintroduction of the plunger with its packing into the barrel withoutdisturbing the packing.

The plunger is of hollow or tubular con- IOO struction, and its borecommunicates with that of the hollow or tubular plunger-stem 14, saidstem, as illustrated in the drawings, being formed integrally with theplunger and terminating at the opposite end from the plunger in apiston-head 15, which operates in the cylinder 4. The piston-head isalso turned down or reduced, as shown at 16, for the reception ofpacking, preferably consisting of metallic rings 17, and thesepacking-rings are held from displacement by a cap-plate 1S, secured tothe body portion of the piston-head by means of screws 19 or equivalentfastening devices. Also said cap-plate is provided at its center with aninteriorly threaded socket 20, constituting a wrench-seat for thereception of a suitable tool adapted to beintroduced through the outerend of the cylinder 4 in order to withdraw the piston and connectedplunger from the casing. The outer (or in this case lower) end of thewater-cylinder 5 is provided with a drain-opening fitted with a plug 21,whereby the liquid contents of the plunger-cylinder may be withdrawnwhen the pump is not in operation.

Communicating with the pump-cylinder 5 exteriorly of the pump-barrel 6are feed and discharge pipes 22 and 23, provided, respectively, withcheck-valves 24 and 25, which open in a common direction, orrespectively toward and from the cylinder, whereby during the upward orinward stroke of the pumpplunger water is inducted through the feedpipe22, while during the opposite or downward or outward stroke of theplunger the check-valve 24 is seated and the previouslyinducted contentsof the cylinder are expelled through the discharge-pipe 23. Incommunication with the feed-pipe 22 at the opposite side of thecheck-valve 24 from the point of communication of said feed-pipe withthe cylinder is a supply-pipe 26, entering the feedpipe transversely orlaterally, and also communicating with said feed-pipe and in axialalinement therewith is an exhaust-conductor 27, extending from theexhaust-port of the steam or motive cylinder and having a nozzle 2S,which projects into the feed-pipe across the inlet or mouth of thesupply-pipe 26, whereby when said conductor 27 is used to convey theexhaust motive uid from the motivecylinder said fluid is projectedaxially into the feed-pipe to enter the pump-cylinder with the water orother liquid which is being pumped, and thereby partly heat such liquid,whereby the liquid is introduced into the boiler in a semiheatedcondition. Also the discharge of the exhaust motive agent across thcmouth of the supply-pipe 26 produces a suction by which liquid isinducted through the supply-pipe to assist in feeding the pumpcylinder.

As a further means of raising the temperature of the liquid which passesthrough the pump-cylinder I provide for the communication of liquidwithin the pump-cylinder to the interior of thc pu nip-plunger and stem1.4, the

vided with a direct outlet 3l, and the conl ductor 27 has a valvedconnection with the exhaust-pipe 30, this valve, which is indicated at32, being of the three-way type, whereby the exhaust motive agent may bedirected either into the conductor 27 or through the outlet 31,according to whether the valve-operating handle 33 is in the positionindicated in full lines in Fig. 2 or in dotted lines in the same figure.

The valve mechanism which I employ in connection with themotive-cylinder is adapted for use in connection with any cylinder of areciproeatory-piston engine, butis particularly adapted for use inconnection with a pump which is necessarily exposed more or less, and indevising the valve mechanism it has been my object to protect theworking parts thereof from accumulations of dust and other foreignmatter and at the same time so construct the same as to avoid jar orhammer both of the valve and of the cylinderpiston and insure apractically-noiseless operation. In carrying out this feature of myinvention I construct the piston-cylinder with a valve-seat rest 34,upon which is arranged a valve-seat 35, consisting of a plate,preferably of babbitt or other antifriction material, provided withsuitable valve-scat ports, hereinafter described in detail, whichcommunicate with cylinder ports and channels formed inthe cylinder orvalve-scat rest. Arranged upon the valve-seat and secured in place incommon with said valve-seat by suitable bolts 36 is a valve-casing 37,in which fits for reciprocation a slide-valve 38, which is ofthepiston-valve type from the fact that, as will hereinafter appear, thechange of position of said valve to open the different ports for theadmissin and exhaust of motive agent is accomplished by the pressure,applied alternately in different directions, of the motive agent. Thevalve-casing or valvecylinder 37 is of such interior cross-sectionaldimensions as to snugly tit the valve, and communicating with theinterior thereof is a central extension or collar 39, forming an inletfor motive agent to the valve casing. Fitted for reciprocation in thecollar or inlet is a sleeve 40, bearing atits inner end against thecontiguous surface of the valve to form a steam-tight contact andyieldingly held in such contact by a spring 41, which is seated at itsinner end upon a washer 42, bearing against the outer end of said sleeve4 0. The outer end of the spring 4l bears against a cap 43, which isitted in the outer end of the collar or inlet 39, and arranged in acentral opening in said cap and communicating with IOO IIO

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the interior of the collar is a steam or other motive agent supply pipe44. Also the valve is provided with a longitudinally-extending stem 45,projecting through a guide and stuffing-box 46 in the end of thevalve-casing and terminating at its outer end in a grip or knob 47, saidstem being provided at its inner end With a stud or lateral extension48, which is fitted in a socket 49 in the valve near one end. This stemserves the double function of an indicator to disclose to the engineerWhether the valve is operating properly and as a means of starting theengine by giving an initial operation to the valve.

Formed in the valve-seat rest` of the piston-cylinder is anexhaust-cavity 50, with which communicates an exhaust-port 5I in thevalve-seat, and formed in the valve-seat at equal intervals from andupon opposite sides of the exhaust-port (spaced longitudinally) areoutlet-ports 52 and 53, either of which is adapted to be connected Withthe exhaust-port by means of an exhaust-cavity 54 in the face of thevalve 38, said valve-exhaust cavity being arched, With the spaced portsin its face separated by a bridge 55, which is of a Width greater thanthat of the exhaust-port 51 to provide a suficient lap for the operationhereinafter explained. The throw or amplitude of movement of the valveis sufficient to connect either of the outletports 52 53 with theexhaust-port 5l, according to the direction of movement of the piston.

Formed in the cylinder-Wall adjacent to its extremities are cylinderoutlet-ports 52 and 53, which are respectively in communication with thevalve-seat outlet-ports 52 and 53 by means of longitudinalexhaust-channels 52b and 53h, formed in the valve-seat rest and coveredby the valve-seat. Also formed in the valve-seat are valve-seatinlet-ports 56 and 57, communicating with cylinder inletports 56 and 57,through inlet-channels 56b and 57h, extending longitudinally of thecylinder, said inlet-ports 56 and 57 being spaced apart at an intervalgreater than the valveseat outlet-ports 52 and 53, and formed in thevalve for respective communication With said valve-seat inletports 56and 57 are feedports 56e and 57, with which communicate feed-channels56d and 57d, having a common supply-port 5S, which is in communicationwith the supply-pipe 44 for motive agent.

From the above description of the ports it will be seen that thefeed-ports of the valve are in communication at all times With thesupply-port of the valve-casing, and that When the feed-port 56C0f saidvalveisin communication with the valve-seat inlet-port 56 in order tosupply motive agent to the cylinder through the cylinder inlet-port 56the exhaust-cavity 54 of the valve is in position to connect thevalve-seat outlet-port 52 with the exhaust-port 51, as shown in Fig. 3,and is thus in position to exhaust motive agent from the cylinderthrough the cylinder outlet-port 52, While in the opposite position ofthe valve, with its feed-port 57c in registration with the valve-seatinlet-port 57, motive agent Will be admitted to the cylinder through thecylinder inlet-ports 57 and will be exhausted from the cylinder inadvance ofthe piston through the cylinder outlet-port 53 and thevalve-seat outlet-port 53. The ends of the valve cylinder or casing 37being closed and the ends of the valve fitting snugly therein to formpiston valve-heads, it will be understood that by so disposing the portsand channels as at proper times to admit fluid-pressure to saidvalve-cylinder or casing at one end and exhaust fluid from the otherend, thereby producing an unequal pressure upon opposite ends of thevalve, the latter may be actuated to bring diiferent cylinder, feed, andexhaust ports into registration, or, in other Words, to reverse thevalve. In the construction illustrated the valve is provided, preferablyat opposite sides of the plane of the feed-channels 56d 57d, Withchannels 59 and 60, each of which is open at one end in communicationwith the valve cylinder or casing and is closed at the opposite end. Thechannel 59 is in communication with the chamber 6l of the valve cylinderor casing, While the channel 60 is in communication with the chamber 62of the valve cylinder or casing, and also formed in the valve incommunication, respectively, with the channels 59 and 60 arevalve-reversing channel-ports 59 59b and 60 60h, (59 and 59b being,respectively, feed and exhaust ports in communication with the channel59 and the ports 60 and 60b being, respectively, feed and exhaust portsin communication with the channel 60.) Also formed in the valve-seat,upon opposite sides of the longitudinal plane of the ports 5l, 52, 53,56, and 57 or, respectively, in the longitudinal planes of the channels59 andL 60, are reversing feed and exhaust ports 59c 59d and 60C 60, andthese reversing valve-seat ports 59, 59, 60, and 60d are respectively incommunication With the interior of the cylinder by means of cylinderreversing-ports 59C', 59d', 60C', and 60d,the ports 59d and 60d',respectively, breaking into the cylinder outlet-channels 53" and 52b andbeing in the transverse planes, respectively, of the cylinderoutlet-ports 53 and 52.

In addition to the above-described ports I also employ safety-ports,arranged, preferably, in the longitudinal planes of the reversing portsand channels, and hence clearly shown in Figs. 8 and 9, a pair ofvalve-seat safety-ports 63 and 63 being formed in the valve-seatcontiguous to but beyond the reversing valve-seat port 59, and a similarpair ot safety-ports 64 and 64 being formed in the valve-seat contiguousto and beyond the reversing valve-seat ports 60C, and the face of thevalve being provided with safety-chambers 631 and 64b designed, when thevalve is in the proper position, to bridge and thus connect,respectively, the ports 63 63 and 64 64. The safety valve-seat ports arein communi- IOO IIO

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cation with safety cylinder-ports 63" 63d and 64C 64;, the ports 63c and64:" being in co1nmunication with the cylinder and the ports 63d and 64dbeing in communication with the cylinder inlet-channels 57" and 56",suitable channels 63 and Gt" being formed in the valveseat rest toproperly connect the safety valveseat ports with the safetycylinder-ports, and corresponding channels 59c and 60@ being formed inthe valve-seat rest to properly connect the valve-seat reversing-ports59c and 60 with the cylinder reversing-ports 59" and 60"', all asclearly illustrated in full lines in Fig. 5 and in dotted lines in Fig.(5.

XVith the valve in the position indicated in Fig. 3 the motive agent isentering the cylinder through the cylinder inlet-port 56, and the pistonis moving in the direction indicated by the arrow in said figure, andthe cylinder is exhausting through the cylinder inlet-port 5i.a and theport 52 into the exhaust-cavity 50, all as indicated by arrows. Vhen thepiston has advanced in the direction indicated by the arrowssufficiently to discover the cylinder-reversing port 59', the motiveagent passes through said reversing-port, through the valve-seatreversing-port 59c into the reversing-channel 59, and thence into thechamber 6l at one end of the valve, and as the valve reversingport 60"is in communication with the valve-seat reversing-port 60d it is obviousthat pressure in the chamber 62 will be relieved by exhaust through thechannel 60 and into the outlet-channel 52". This will cause the valve tomove toward its other position; but when the valve reaches anintermediate point, where the bridge 55 closes the exhaust-port 51, thevalve-seat reversing-port 59c has been closed, the piston has advancedsufficiently to close the cylinder-exhaust port 52", and the ports 59"and 60 have been brought, respectively, into communication with thevalve-seat reversing-ports 59d and G0". Owing to the lap and leadafforded by the excess of width of the bridge 55 over theexhaust-opening 5l and the relative positions of the ports 59", 60, 59d,and 60c the port 59d will be opened slightly in advance of the port 60",and hence steam is prevented from exhausting by reason of theexhaust-port 5l being closed, and the valve becomes balanced. Just asthis relation between the parts is attained, however, and before thevalve ceases motion by reason of the impulse given thereto by theadmission of live motive agent into the chamber 6l the valve feed-port57c comes into communication with the valve-seat inletport 57 and thebridge 55 slightly exposes the exhaust 5l. This immediately gives egressto the motive agent in the valve-Casin g chamber (52, while the pressureof the contents of the chamber 6l, admitted through the cylinderreversing-port 59", quickly throws the valve to the limit of itsmovement in the direction in which it has been advancing and whollyopens the valve-seat inlet-port 57 and causes the cavity 54 of the valveto connect the port 53 with the exhaust-cavity 50.

If when the piston has advanced in the direction indicated by the arrowsin Fig. 3 sut'- ficiently to expose the cylinder-reversing port 59" thevalve for any reason should refuse to move, as above indicated, underthe influence of motive agent admitted to the chamber 61, a furthermovement of the piston sufficient to expose the cylinder safety-port 63cwill alL low motive agent in the cylinder to pass upwardly through saidcylinder safety-port G3c and the valve-seat safety-port 63, through thecavity 63" in the face of the valve, downwardly through the ports 63 and63d, into the cylin der-inlet channel 57", and thenceinto the cylinder,in advance of the piston, through the cylinder-inlet port 57", therebyequalizing the pressure upon opposite sides of the piston and stoppingthe engine. Furthermore, it will be noted that the cylinder-inlet ports52 and 53 vare located at a suiiicient distance from the opposite endsor heads of the cylinder to form a steam-cushion, and the steamremaining in the valve-casing in advance of the valve during itsreversal and which is allowed to eX- haust when the communicationbetween the valve-channel, as GO, and the exhaust-port 5l is establishedforms a cushion to prevent hammer of the valve.

All of the operating parts of the mechanism, as will be seen from theforegoing description, are concealed and protected from accumulations ofdust, and hence may be kept in a properly-lubricated condition to insureprompt operation with the least friction and practically noiselessly.Furthermore, the automatic reversal of the valve by means of theexposure of the reversing-ports by the cylinder-piston avoids thoseinconveniences of displacement which are incident to valvegear employingeccentric and other connections heretofore in common use.

Various changes in the form, proportion, and the minor details ofconstruction maybe resorted to without departing from the spirit orsacrificing any of the advantages of this invention.

Having described my invention, what I claim isl. The combination of apiston-cylinder having cylinder inlet and outlet ports, and feed andexhaust reversing-ports, the feed reversing-ports being controlled bythe cylinder-piston, and a cylinder-port-controlling valve havingchannels in communication with the valve-casing at opposite sides of theplane of the valve, to apply fluid-pressure in opposite directionsthereto, said valve also having feed and exhaust reversing-ports, incommunication with the channels thereof, for alternate registration withsaid feed and exhaust reversing-ports of the cylinder, substantially asspecified.

2. The combination of a piston-cylinder having cylinder inlet and outletports, and

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feed and exhaust reversing-ports, the feed reversing-ports beingcontrolled by the cylinder-piston, and a cylinder-port-controlling valvehaving channels in communication with the valve-Casin g at oppositesides of the plane of the valve, to apply fluid-pressure in oppositedirections thereto, each channel having communicating feed and exhaustports adapted for alternate respective registration With the feed andexhaust reversing-ports of the cylinder, substantially as specified.

3. The combination of a piston-cylinder having cylinder inlet and outletports, and feed and exhaust reversing-ports, the feed reversing-portsbeing controlled by the cylinder-piston, and a cylinder-port-controllingvalve having channels in communication with the valve-casing at oppositesides ofthe plane of the valve, to apply fluid-pressure in oppositedirections thereto, the exhaust reversing-ports being in communicationrespectively with the cylinder outlet-ports, and each channel of thevalve having a feed and an exhaust reversing-port, of Which the feedportof one channel is adapted to register with one feed reversing-port ofthe cylinder, While the exhaust reversing-port of the other channelregisters With an exhaust reversing-port of the cylinder, substantiallyas specified.

Ll. The combination with a piston-cylinder, of valve mechanism having avalve-seat provided with independent inlet-ports and piston-controlledoutlet-ports which are in communication With the cylinder at differentdistances from the terminals thereof, said outlet-ports being adaptedfor closure by the cylinder-piston Without obstructing the inletports,an exhaust-port adapted for comm unication with either of saidoutlet-ports, feed and exhaust reversing-ports in communication With thecylinder, one of said feed-ports being adapted for exposure by thecylinderpiston While the said outlet-port is obstructed thereby, and afluid-actuated valve mounted in a casing for controlling said ports inthe valve-seat, and provided with an exhaustcavity for connecting one ofsaid outlet-ports with the exhaust-port of the valve-seat, afeed-channel having feed-ports for alternate respective registrationWith the inlet-ports of the valve-seat, and conducting-channels incommunication with the valve-casing respectively at opposite sides ofthe plane of the valve, and each provided with an inlet and an exhaustport for alternate respective registration With said inlet and exhaustreversingports of the valve-seat, substantially as specilied.

5. The combination With a piston-cylinder, of valve mechanism having avalve-seat provided With independent inlet-ports and piston-controlledoutlet-ports which are in communication with the cylinder at differentdistances from the terminals thereof, said outlet-ports being adaptedfor closure by the cylinder-piston Without obstructing the inletports,an exhaust-port adapted for communication with either of saidoutlet-ports, feed and exhaust reversing-ports in communication With thecylinder respectively adjacent to said outlet and inlet ports, one ofsaid feed-ports being adapted for exposure by the cylinder-piston Whilethe said outlet-port is obstructed thereby, and a fluid actuated valvemounted in a casing for controlling said portsV in the valve-seat, andprovided with an exhaust-cavity for connecting one of said outlet-portswith the exhaust-port of the valve-seat, a feed-channel havingfeed-ports for alternate respective engagement with the inlet-ports ofthe valve-seat, and conductingchannels in communication with thevalvecasing respectively at opposite sides of the plane of the valve,and each provided With an inlet and an exhaust port for alternaterespective registration with said inlet and exhaust reversing-ports ofthe valve-seat, substantially as specified.

6. The combination with a piston-cylinder, of valve mechanism having avalve-seat provided With independent inlet-ports and piston-controlledoutlet-ports Which are in communication with the cylinder at differentdistances from the terminals thereof, said outlet-ports being adaptedfor closure by the cylinder-piston Without obstructing the inletports,an exhaust-port adapted for communication with either of saidoutlet-ports, feed and exhaust reversing-ports in communication with thecylinder respectively adjacent to the said outlet and inlet ports, thefeedreversing ports being located at points nearer the center of thelength of the cylinder than the said outlet-ports, for exposure inadvance of the outlet-ports during the advance movement of thecylinder-piston, substantially as specified.

7. The combination With a piston-cylinder, of valve mechanism having avalve-seat provided With independent inlet-ports and outlet-ports incommunication with the cylinder, an exhaust-port adapted to be connectedwith either of said outlet-ports, and also provided with reversingfeed-ports and reversing exhaust-ports in communication withthe`cylinder, and a Huid-actuated valve mounted in a casing forcontrolling said ports in the valveseat, and provided With anexhaust-cavity for connecting one of said outlet-ports with theexhaust-port of the valve-seat, a feed-channel having spaced feed-portsfor alternate respective registration with the inlet-ports of thevalve-seat, and conducting-channels, in communication with thevalve-casing respectively at opposite sides of the plane of the valve,and each provided With an inlet and an exhaust port ,for alternaterespective registration with said reversing inlet and exhaust ports ofthe valve-seat, substantially as specified.

8. The combination with a piston-cylinder, of valve mechanism having avalve-seat provided With independent inlet-ports and outlet-ports incommunication With the cylinder, an exhaust-port adapted t0 be connectedWith IOO IIO

either of said outlet-ports, and also provided anda Huid-actuatedcylinder-port-controlling with reversing feed-ports and reversingexhaust-ports in communication with the cylinder, and a fluid-actuatedvalve mounted in a casing forcontrolling said ports in the valveseat,and provided with an exhaust-cavity for connect-ing one of saidoutlet-ports with the exhaust-port ofthe valve-seat, a feed-chan nelhaving spaced feed-ports for alternate respective registration with theinlet-ports of the valve-seat, and conducting-channels, in communicationwith the valve-casing respectively at opposite sides of the plane ofthevalve, and each provided with an inlet and an exhaust port for alternaterespective registration with said reversing inlet and exhaust ports ofthe valve-seat, the said exhaust conducting-ports, in communication withthe conducting-channels, being arranged in advance of the coperatingfeed-ports which are in communication with the same channels,substantially as specified.

9. The combination of a piston-cylinder, a cylinder-port-controllingvalve, piston-controlled,valve-reversing ports, and piston-controlledports for equalizing fluidpressure upon opposite sides of the pistonsubsequent to the exposure of the reversing-ports, substantially asspecified.

l0. The combination of a piston-cylinder, a cylinder-port-controllingvalve, the cylinder being provided with piston-controlled safetyports incommunication with cylinder feedports, and adapted when exposed toequalize the pressure upon opposite sides of the piston, and pistoncontrolled valve -reversing ports, arranged for exposure prior to saidsafety-ports and having communication with the cylinder beyond the limitof its stroke, substantially as speciiied.

ll. The combination of a piston-cylinder, a fluid-actuatedcylinder-port-controlling valve having its casing in communication bypistoncontrolled Valve-reversing ports with the cylinder, andpiston-controlled safety-ports communicating with the cylinder at aninterval greater than that between the reversing-ports, andcommunicating with the cylinder inletports for equalizing the pressureupon opposite sides of the plane of the piston subsequent to theexposure by the piston of the reversing-ports, substantially asspecitied.

12. The combination of a piston-cylinder and a fluid-actuatedcylinder-port-controlling valve of which the casi ng is in communicationby piston controlled valve reversing ports with the piston-cylinder, thevalve-seat being provided with pairs of ports of which the members arerespectively in communication with the cylinder at an interval greaterthan said valve-reversing ports, and with the cylinder inlet-ports, andthe valve being provided with cavities for connecting said ports in thevalveseat in pairs to equalize the pressure upon opposite sides of theplane of the piston, substantially as specied.

13. The combination of a piston-cylinder valve of which the casing is incommunication by piston-controlled feed and exhaust valvereversing-ports with the piston-cylinder, the valve-seat being providedwith pairs of safetyports of which the members are respectively incommunication with the cylinder, at an interval greater than saidinlet-valve-reversing ports, and with the cylinder inlet-ports, theexhaust-valve-reversing ports being in comm unication with thecylinderoutlet-ports, and the valve being provided with cavities forconnecting said safety-ports in pairs, to equalize the pressure uponopposite sides of the plane of the piston, and with cavities forconnecting the inlet reversing-ports with the valve-casing at one sideof the valve, and an outlet reversing-port with the valve-Casin g at theother side of the valve, substantially as specified.

li. The combination with a piston-cylinder, of valve mechanism includinga valve-seat provided with cylinder inlet, outlet, and exhaust ports,with reversing-ports in communication with the intcriorof the cylinder,and with pairs of safety-ports, one member of each pair of safety-portsbeing in communication with the interior of the cylinder, and the otherwith the adjacent cylinder inletport, and each safet I'-port which is incommunication with the cylinder being arranged contiguous to one of saidreversing-ports, for simultaneous closure by the cylinder-piston, and avalve having its casing, at opposite sides of the plane of the valve, incommunication with said reversingports,provided with an exhaust-cavityfor connecting the cylinder outlet-ports with the exhaust-port of thevalveseat, feed-ports for communication with the inlet-ports of theValve-seat, and safety-channels for connecting the members of said pairsof safety-ports, to equalize the pressure upon opposite sides of theplane of the cylinderpiston when the latter approaches the limits of itsstrokes, substantially as specified.

l5. The combination with a piston-cylinder, of valve mechanism includinga valve-seat provided with cylinder inlet, outlet, and eX- haust ports,with reversing-ports in communication with the interior of the cylinder,and with pairs of safety-ports, one member of each pair of safety-portsbeing in communication with the interior of the cylinder, and the otherwith the adjacent cylinder inletport, and each safety-port which is incommunication with the cylinder being arranged contiguous to one of saidreversing-ports, for simultaneous closure by the cylinder-piston, and avalve having channels respectively in communication with chambers atopposite sides of the plane of the valve and provided with ports forcommunication with said reversing-ports of the valve-seat, anexhaustcavity for connecting the outlet-ports of the valve-seat with theexhaust-port, having continuously-supplied feedports for alternateregistration with the inlet-ports of the valve- IOO IIO

seat, and also having safety-channels for connecting said pairs ofsafety-ports to equalize the pressure upon opposite sides of the planeof the piston when the latter approaches the lcimits of its strokes,substantially as speci- 16. The combination with a piston-cylinder, ofvalve mechanism including a valve-seat provided with cylinder inlet,outlet, and exhaust ports, reversing-ports in communication with theinterior of the cylinder, and pairs of safety-ports, one member of eachpair being in communication with the interior of the cylinder and theother with the contiguous cylinder inlet-port, the reversing and safetyports which are in communication with the cylinder being controlled bythe cylinderpiston and being arranged for successive exposure in theorder named as the piston approaches the limit of each stroke, and avalve having its casing in communication at opposite sides of the planeof the valve With reversing-ports locatedat equal distances fromopposite ends of the piston-cylinder, and said valve being provided withan exhaust-cavity, spaced feed-ports for registration with the cylinderinlet-ports, and safety-channels for connecting the pairs ofsafety-ports, substantially as specified.

17. The combination with a piston-cylinder, of valve mechanism having acentral exhaustport, spaced cylinder outlet-ports and spaced cylinderinlet-ports, and also provided at obliquely-opposite points, contiguousto the cylinder inlet-ports with feed and exhaust reversing-ports, bothof which are in communication with the cylinder for control by thecylinder-piston, and the latter of which is in communication with thecylinder outlet-port, and a valve having its casing in communication atpoints upon opposite sides of the plane of the valve with a feed and anexhaust reversing-port located near opposite ends of the cylinder, saidcommunication being made through independent channels and ports in thevalve, and said valve being also provided with an exhaust-cavity and aplurality of feed-ports for alternate registration with the cylinderinlet-ports,substantially as specified.

1S. The combination With a piston-cylinder, of valve mechanism includinga valve-seat provided with cylinder inlet, outlet, and exhaust ports,and piston-controlled reversing inlet and exhaust ports arranged inplanes upon opposite sides of the plane of said cylinder-ports, and avalve provided in the plane of said cylinder-ports with anexhaust-cavity and a continuouslysupplied feed-channel having ports forregistration, respectively, with the cylinder inlet-ports, and providedin the planes, respectively, of said reversingportswith channels incommunication with the valve-Casin g respectively at opposite sides ofthe plane of the valve and having ports for registration With thereversing-ports, substantially as specitied.

19. Apumphavingacontinuouscylindrical casing divided by an intermediateannular partition to form piston and plunger cylinders, a pump barrelhaving its inner end, threaded in the opening of said partition andspaced at its outer end from the end of the plunger-cylinder, saidbarrel being provided at its inner end With a Wrench-seat, a piston anda connected plunger seated, respectively, in said piston-cylinder andpump-barrel, the outer end of the piston-cylinder having a removablehead, andthe piston being provided with a Wrench-seat accessible throughthe adjacent head-fitted end of the cylinder, valved inlet and outletpipes in communication with the plunger-cylinder, and valve mechanismfor controlling the admission and exhaust of motive agent for actuatingthe piston, substantially as speciiied.

20. The combination with a pump having a Huid-actuated plunger, andvalve mechanism for controlling the admission and exhaust of motivefluid, the pump-cylinder having communicating inlet and outlet pipes, ofasupply-pipe tapping the said inlet-pipe radially, an exhaust-conveyercommunicating with the exhaust-port of said valve mechanism and enteringthe inlet-pipe of the pump-cylinder axially, and a three-Way cockarranged at the intersection of said exhaust-conveyer with theexhaust-port of the valve mechanism, substantially as specified.

2l. The combination with a pump having a fluid-actuated plunger, andvalve mechanism for controlling the admission -and exhaust of motiveagent,said pump-cylinder having communicating inlet and outlet pipesprovided with check-valves, and the valve mechanism having anexhaust-pipe 3l, of a supply-pipe tapping said inlet-pipe radially, anexhaustconveyer 27 communicating laterally with said exhaust-pi pe ofthe valve mechanism and terminating in a nozzle arranged axially in theinlet-pipe of the pump-cylinder across the communicating end of thesupply-pipe, and a three-Way cock arranged at the intersection of saidexhaust-conveyer with the exhaustpipe of the valve mechanism,substantially as specified.

22. The combination with a piston-cylinder, of a fluid-actuatedcylinder-port-controlling valve, mounted in a casing which is incommunication with the cylinder by ports controlled by thecylinder-piston, the valve having at one end a socket disposedtransversely to the path of movement of the valve, and a stem itting toslide in a guide in the end of the valve-casing, and provided at itsinner end with a transverse stud for detachable en- IOO IIO

gagement with said socket in the valve, suby

